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Infertility (clinical definition): a disease of thereproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. 不孕不育 Initiated cycle: an ART cycle in which the woman receives specificmedication for ovarian stimulation, or monitoring in the case of naturalcycles, with the intention to treat, irrespective of whether or not follicularaspiration is attempted. 启动周期 Laparoscopy – an abdominalsurgical procedure using an endoscopic (fibre optictelescope) equipment to visualize the interior of the abdomen, mainly theuterus, fallopian tubes ovaries and other organs. The laparoscope may also beused to perform surgicalprocedures, with the use of other specialized equipment. 腹腔镜检查 Live birth 活产 Live birthrate 活产率 Live delivery: a live delivery is the delivery of one or moreliveborn infants, with the birth of twins, triplets or more counted as one livedelivery. 活胎分娩 Low birthweight: a birthweight of less than 2,500 grams. 低出生体重 LH – Luteinizinghormone, produced and released by the pituitary gland, and is responsible forthe maturation and release of the egg in female and testosterone production inthe male. 黄体生成素（促黄体素） Luteal Phase - Days of themenstrual cycle after ovulation and ending with menses during whichprogesterone is produced. 黄体期 Luteinized Unruptured Follicle (LUF) Syndrome - Clinical indications that ovulation has occurred (blood hormonalchanges, temperature rise on the BBT chart, appropriate secreting endometriumfound on endometrial biopsy) but the egg is not released from the ovary; thefollicular sac is unruptured and the egg is trapped. 黄素化综合症 Menstruation - Shedding of theuterine lining by bleeding that, in the absence of pregnancy, normally occursabout once a month in the mature female. 月经 MESA –Microsurgical EpididymalSperm Aspiration 显微附睾精子穿刺 MESE: microsurgical epididymal sperm extraction. 显微附睾取精术 Micromanipulation: a technology that allows micro-operative proceduresto be performed on the spermatozoon, oocyte, zygote, or embryo. 显微操作 MicroTESE: Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction. 显微睾丸取精术 Missed abortion: a clinical abortion where the embryo(s) orfetus(es) is/are nonviable and is/are not expelled spontaneously from theuterus. 稽留流产 Multiple gestation/birth: a pregnancy/delivery with more thanone fetus/neonate. 多胎分娩 Myomectomy - Surgical removal of a tumor (myoma) in theuterine muscular wall. 子宫肌瘤切除术 Natural cycle IVF: an IVF procedure in which one or more oocytesare collected from the ovaries during a spontaneous menstrual cycle without anydrug use. 自然周期IVF Necrospermia - Condition in whichsperm are produced and found in the semen but are not alive and are unable tofertilize eggs. 死精症 Neonatal period: the time interval that commences at birthand ends 28 completed days after birth. 新生儿期 Oligo-ovulation - Infrequentovulation, usually less than six ovulatory cycles per year. 排卵少 Oligospermia - Abnormally lownumber of sperm in the ejaculate of the male. 少精症 Oocyte (egg): a female reproductive cell. 卵子，卵母细胞 OPU (oocyte pick-up): the procedure to collect oocytes fromovaries, usually by ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration and rarely bylaparoscopic surgery. 取卵术 Ovarian Failure （OF） - Inability of the ovary to respond to any gonodotropic hormonestimulation, usually due to menopause. 卵巢早衰 OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome): the complication ofovulation stimulation therapy, which involves the administration of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH). OHSS symptoms include abdominal pain and fluid retention. 卵巢过度刺激综合症 Ovaries - Sexual glands ofthe female that produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone and in which theova are developed. There are two ovaries, one on each side of the pelvis. 卵巢 Ovarian torsion: partial or complete rotation of the ovarianvascular pedicle that causes obstruction to ovarian blood flow, potentiallyleading to necrosis of ovarian tissue. 卵巢扭转 Ovulation - Discharge of amature egg, usually at about the midpoint of the menstrual cycle. 排卵 Ovulation induction (OI): pharmacologic treatment of women withanovulation or oligo-ovulation with the intention of inducing normal ovulatorycycles. 促排卵 Ovulatory Dysfunction - Problem existing inthe ovary-either the egg is not released from the ovarian follicle or the process of egg development isabnormal. 排卵功能障碍 Parity: a classification of a woman in terms of the number ofprevious pregnancies experienced that reached 20 weeks or more gestation. 产次 Parous: refers to a woman who has had at least one previouspregnancy of 20 weeks or more gestation. 经产的 Perinatal death: a fetal death (stillbirth) or neonatal deathof at least 20 weeks gestation or at least 400 grams birthweight. 围产儿死亡 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Inflammatory disease of the pelvis, often caused by infection orendometriosis. 盆腔炎 PESA – PercutaneousEpididymal Sperm Aspiration 经皮附睾精子穿刺 Pituitary - Gland located atthe base of the human brain that secretes a number of important hormonesrelated to normal growth development and fertility. 脑垂体 Polycystic Ovarian (PCO) Syndrome - Development of multiple cysts in the ovaries due to arrestedfollicle growth. This is caused by an imbalance in the amount of LH and FSHreleased during the ovulatory cycle. 多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS） Postcoital Testing (PCT) - Diagnostic test forinfertility in which vaginal and cervical secretions are obtained at the timeof suspected ovulation and following intercourse. These secretions are analyzedunder a microscope. Normal test results should show large numbers of live,motile sperm and a characteristic "ferning" pattern of cervicalmucus. 性交后试验 PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis): a procedure whereembryonic cells are removed and screened for chromosomal disorders or geneticdiseases before embryo transfer. 胚胎植入前遗传学诊断 PGS (preimplantation genetic screening) : analysis of polar bodies,blastomeres, or trophectodermfromoocytes, zygotes, or embryos for the detectionof aneuploidy, mutation, and/or DNA rearrangement. 胚胎植入前遗传学筛查 Preterm: a gestation of less than 37 weeks. 早产 Primary Infertility - Inability toconceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse (after 6 months ifthe woman is over age 35) for a couple who has never had a baby. 原发不孕 Progesterone - Hormone secretedby the corpus luteum of the ovary after ovulation has occurred. It isresponsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy. Also maintains the placentaduring early pregnancy to prevent the embryo from miscarriage. 孕酮 Prostate - Gland in the malethat surrounds the first portion of the urethra near the bladder. It secretes aliquid that balances acid in the urethra and stimulates movement of the sperm. 前列腺 Recipient cycle: an ART treatment cycle in which a womanreceives oocytes or embryos from another woman. 受赠周期 Recurrent spontaneous abortion/miscarriage: the spontaneousloss of two or more clinical pregnancies. 反复流产 Retrograde Ejaculation - Discharge of spermbackward into the bladder rather than forward through the penis. 逆行射精 Retroverted Uterus - Uterus that isflexed severely forward or backward. 子宫后倾 Salpingolysis - Surgery to removeadhesions on the fallopian tubes. 输卵管粘连分离术 Salpingoplasty - Surgery to correct blocked fallopian tubes. 输卵管复通术 Scrotum - Bag of skin andthin muscle that holds the testicles. 阴囊 Secondary Infertility - Inability toconceive after 6 months of regular unprotected intercourse, or carry apregnancy when at least one partner has successfully conceived or carried oneor more pregnancies. 继发性不孕 Secondary sex ratio: the number of male liveborn babies per100 female liveborn babies. XB比 Semen Analysis - Study of fresh ejaculate under the microscope to count thenumber of million sperm per milliliter or cubic centimeter, to check the shapeand size of the sperm (morphology), and to note their ability to move(motility). 精液分析 Semen - Composed ofelements formed by the testes (sperm) and the male accessory glands (prostateand seminal vesicle). Only a small part of the visible ejaculate (semen) comes from the testicle. 精液 Seminal Vesicle - Pair of pouch like glands around the prostate in the male thatproduce a thick alkaline secretion that is added to sperm during ejaculation. 精囊腺 Seminiferous Tubules - Long tubes in thetesticles in which sperm are formed. 曲细精管 Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) - Any infection pertaining to or transmitted by sexualintercourse. The most common STDs are gonorrhea, herpes and AIDS. Some STDs arereadily treatable if medical help is sought early. Certain STDs can causeinfertility in both men and women if untreated. 性病 Sperm (Spermatozoa) - Male reproductivecells that have measurable characteristics such as:
- Motility - Refers to the percentage of sperm demonstrating any type of forward movement.
- Count (or Density) - Refers to the number of sperm present.
- Morphology - Refers to the form or shape of the sperm.
- Viability - Refers to whether the sperm are alive.
精子 Sperm Antibodies - Presence of spermantibodies in the woman or man that tend to destroy sperm action byimmobilizing the sperm or making them clump together. 精子抗体 Sperm Washing - Technique thatseparates the sperm from the seminal fluid. 精子洗涤
Spermatogenesis - Production of spermwithin the seminiferous tubules. 精子发生
Spinnbarkeit - Stretch ability ofcervical mucus. This is a rough measure of how easily sperm cells can enter andpenetrate the cervical secretions. 粘液成丝现象
Split Ejaculate - Method ofcollecting a semen specimen so that the first half of the ejaculate is caughtin one container and the rest in a second container. The first half usuallycontains the majority of the sperm and is then used to inseminate the woman. 分程射精
Spontaneous abortion/miscarriage: the spontaneous loss of aclinical pregnancy before 20 completed weeks of gestational age (18 weeks afterfertilization) or, if gestational age is unknown, the loss of an embryo/fetusof less than 400 g. 自然流产 Surrogate Mother - Woman who becomespregnant through insemination with the sperm of the male partner of aninfertile woman and then, following pregnancy and birth, turns the child overfor adoption by the couple. DY妈妈 Thaw cycle: an ART treatment cycle in which cryopreservedembryos are thawed with theintention of performing embryo transfer. 解冻周期 Thawed embryo: an embryo thawed after cryopreservation. It isused in thaw cycles. 解冻的胚胎（冻胚） Testes - Male sexual glandsof which there are two. Contained in the scrotum, they produce the male hormonetestosterone and produce the male reproductive cells, the sperm. 睾丸 Testicular Biopsy - Small surgicalexcision of testicular tissue to determine the ability of the cells to producenormal sperm or to diagnose possible neoplasm. 睾丸活检 Testicular Failure - Occurs when thetestes do not produce a normal number of mature sperm and when the hormonesneeded for normal sperm production (LH, FSH) are abnormally elevated. 睾丸衰竭 Testosterone - Most potent malesex hormone, which is produced in the testicles. 睾酮 TESA – Testicular SpermAspiration 睾丸精子抽吸术（睾丸穿刺） TESE – Testicular SpermExtraction 睾丸精子提取 Thyroid Gland - Gland located atthe front base of the neck that secretes the thyroid hormone, found to be necessary for normal fertility. 甲状腺 Tubal Patency - Unobstructed andopen fallopian tubes. 输卵管通畅 Uterus - Hollow muscularorgan in the woman that holds and nourishes the fetus until the time of birth. 子宫 Vagina - Muscular opening inthe woman extending from the vulva to the cervix of the uterus. 阴道 Vaginismus - Spasm of themuscles around the opening of the vagina, making penetration during sexualintercourse either impossible or very painful. Can be caused by physical orpsychological conditions. 阴道痉挛 Varicocele - Collection ofvaricose veins in the scrotum. Blood flows in an abnormal direction in theseveins toward the testicle rather than the normal direction which is alwaystoward the heart. Elevated scrotal heat results. 精索静脉曲张 Vas Deferens - Pair of thick-walledtubes about 45 cm long in the male that lead from the epididymis to theejaculatory duct in the prostate. 输精管 Vasectomy - Surgery to excisepart of the vas deferens to sterilize a man. 输精管切除术 Viscosity - Thickness of semen. 粘性 Vitrification: an ultra-rapid cryopreservation method thatprevents ice formation within the suspension which is converted to a glass-likesolid. 玻璃化冷冻 Vulva - External genitaliaof the female. 外阴 ZIFT – Zygote Intra fallopianTransfer ( transfer of the fertilized ovum or zygote in a normal fallopiantube) 合子输卵管内转移：现在很少用 Zona Pellucida - Outer covering ofthe egg/embryo. 透明带 Zygote - Egg that has beenfertilized but has not yet divided. 受精卵，合子 精子sperm： 密度density 活力vitality 活率motility rate 形态morphology 顶体acrosome 顶体酶Acrosin 卵子oocyte: GV期，MI期，MII期 （成熟卵母细胞） 胚胎Embryo： 早期胚胎 early embryo 卵裂期胚胎 cleavage embryo 桑椹胚morula 囊胚（blastula、Blastocyst）早期囊胚 early blastocyst 扩张囊胚expanded blastocyst 孵化囊胚Hatched blastocyst (HB)
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发表于 2014-7-19 19:52:20
